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1.
Salud pública Méx ; 55(supl.1): S58-S64, jul. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-682030

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Ahondar sobre las causas y circunstancias particulares en que ocurren las experiencias sexuales de los migrantes centroamericanos en su tránsito por México e identificar cómo afecta esto al ejercicio de sus derechos sexuales. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio cualitativo (2009-2010). Se realizaron 22 entrevistas semiestructuradas a migrantes centroamericanos en tránsito por México y 10 a diversos actores clave. La sistematización, procesamiento y análisis de los datos se realizó a partir de algunos de los elementos de la teoría fundamentada. RESULTADOS: Las experiencias sexuales de los migrantes en tránsito por México están vinculadas con aspectos de coerción, abuso, inequidad y violencia sexual. Los migrantes identifican riesgos a los que se enfrentan en el tránsito y tienen escaso acceso a servicios que les permitan hacer efectivos sus derechos, incluidos los sexuales. Su vulnerabilidad los hace asumir la violencia y las agresiones sexuales como parte ineludible del trayecto y de su destino como personas. CONCLUSIONES: El tránsito de migrantes está relacionado con la violencia, incluida la sexual. Las diferencias entre migrantes y otros grupos, así como entre hombres y mujeres, son determinadas por las relaciones inequitativas de género y poder.


OBJECTIVES: To explore the causes and circunstances that determine the way in which migrants experience their sexuality and how this impacts their sexual rights. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Qualitative study conducted between April 2009 and July 2010 in Chiapas, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, and Tamaulipas. We conducted 22 indepth interviews to migrants in transit and to ten different key actors. For the analysis we used elements of grounded theory. RESULTS: Migrants know and identify the risks they may encounter in their transit but have scarce access to services to effectively exercise their sexual and reproductive rights. Their vulnerability makes them internalize and accept the violence enacted on them as part of their destiny and as what they must suffer in order to reach the USA. CONCLUSIONS: Violence, including sexual violence, determines much of the experiences of their transit through Mexico. Differences between groups and between male and female migrants are determined by gender inequalities and power.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Sexual Behavior , Transients and Migrants , Central America/ethnology , Human Rights , Mexico , Sex Offenses , United States
2.
Salud pública Méx ; 54(5): 523-529, sept.-oct. 2012. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-649925

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Conocer la prevalencia del paludismo y los factores asociados con la infección de migrantes en la frontera sur de México, durante 2008. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: En 706 migrantes, se investigó la infección activa mediante prueba rápida y PCR o pasada, mediante serología y se aplicó un cuestionario para investigar las condiciones asociadas con la infección. RESULTADOS: 85.6% provenía de Centroamérica. Ninguno presentó infección activa; 4.2% fue seropositivo y la mayoría provenía de los países con mayor incidencia de paludismo en la región. La seropositividad se asoció con el número de episodios previos de paludismo (RM=1.44; IC95% 1.04-2.00), años de permanencia en su comunidad de origen (RM=1.03; IC95% 1.00 -1.07) y conocimiento y automedicación con antipalúdicos (RM=3.38; IC95% 1.48-7.67). CONCLUSIONES: La exposición previa de migrantes al paludismo y las dificultades para su detección indican la necesidad de nuevas estrategias para la vigilancia epidemiológica para estas poblaciones.


OBJECTIVE: To know the prevalence of malaria and the factors associated with the infection in migrants in the southern border of Mexico, during 2008. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 706 migrants, active malaria infection was investigated using a rapid diagnostic test and PCR and past infection using serology. A questionnaire was applied to investigate the conditions associated to infection. RESULTS: 85.6% originated from Central America, none presented an active infection, although 4.2% were seropositive, most of these came from the countries with the highest malaria incidence in the region. Seropositivity was associated with the number of previous malaria episodes (OR=1.44; IC95% 1.04-2.00), years living in their community of origin (OR=1.03; IC95% 1.00-1.07), and knowledge and self-medication with anti-malaria drugs (OR=3.38; IC95% 1.48-7.67). CONCLUSIONS:. The previous exposure of migrants and the difficulties for their detection indicate the need of new strategies for the epidemiological surveillance for these populations.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Emigration and Immigration , Malaria/epidemiology , Transients and Migrants/statistics & numerical data , Africa/ethnology , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Antimalarials/therapeutic use , Asia/ethnology , Central America/ethnology , Culicidae/parasitology , DNA, Protozoan/blood , Insect Bites and Stings/prevention & control , Insect Vectors/parasitology , Malaria/blood , Malaria/diagnosis , Malaria/prevention & control , Mexico/epidemiology , Mosquito Control , Parasitemia/diagnosis , Parasitemia/epidemiology , Plasmodium falciparum/genetics , Plasmodium falciparum/immunology , Plasmodium vivax/genetics , Plasmodium vivax/immunology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Ribotyping , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Socioeconomic Factors , South America/ethnology
3.
San José; Organización Panamericana de la Salud;Unidad de Género, Etnia y Salud; 2005. 88 p. ilus.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS, PAHO-CUBA | ID: biblio-1044448
4.
P. R. health sci. j ; 13(4): 261-5, dic. 1994.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-176798

ABSTRACT

The probability of recording infectious diseases and injuries to the musculoskeletal system during sports events with a large number of participants is very high. From an historical perspective the distribution and trends of diseases that have an impact on public health have been evaluated by means of epidemiological surveillance systems. However, the application of these epidemiological methods to sports medicine is relatively recent. The utilization of an epidemiological surveillance system during sports events with a large number of participating athletes and countries has been reported in a limited number of competitions. In this article we describe the design of a system for epidemiological surveillance utilized during the XVII Central American and Caribbean Sports Games held in Puerto Rico in 1993, as an example of a surveillance system that could be regularly established in this type of event


Subject(s)
Humans , Athletic Injuries/epidemiology , Communicable Diseases/epidemiology , Program Development , Population Surveillance/methods , Central America/ethnology , Puerto Rico/epidemiology , Caribbean Region/ethnology
5.
P. R. health sci. j ; 13(4): 267-72, dic. 1994.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-176799

ABSTRACT

The objective of the epidemiological surveillance system for the XVII Central American and Caribbean Sports Games in 1993 in Puerto Rico was to estimate the morbidity related to infectious diseases and sports injuries during the competitions. In the village hospital a total of 794 medical consultations were reported; 57.7 per cent of the patients were athletes. Among athletes, the rate of consultation was 10.4 for every 100 participants. The consultations were more frequent in males (535, 67.4 per cent ). The analysis by country of origin revealed that the athletes from Guatemala (42, 9.2 per cent ) and Jamaica (35, 7.6 per cent ) used the services more frequently. The incidence of consultations by sport was higher in field hockey (47, 10.3 per cent ), followed by athletics (46, 10 per cent ), and softball (36, 7.9 per cent ). The most frequent diagnoses were injuries--302, 38.04 per cent ; of these 229 (75.8 per cent ) were athletes--,conditions of the respiratory system (180, 22.67 per cent ), problems of the skin and mucous membranes (85, 10.71 per cent ), and problems of the gastrointestinal tract (56, 7.05 per cent ). The severity of the majority of the conditions was mild and required primary care health professionals


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Athletic Injuries/epidemiology , Communicable Diseases/epidemiology , Population Surveillance , Central America/ethnology , Disease Notification , Morbidity , Puerto Rico/epidemiology , Caribbean Region/ethnology
7.
Acta psiquiátr. psicol. Am. Lat ; 36(3/4): 137-45, jul.-dic. 1990. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-93648

ABSTRACT

El proceso de inmigración a nivel internacional ha sido asociado con altos grados de problemas psicológicos. Recientemente inclusive se ha determinado la existencia de síntomas de estrés pos-traumático (PTSD) entre los refugiados del sudeste de Asia. El presente estudio examinó primero el impacto de la inmigración en los niveles de depresión, ansiedad y estrés generalizado en una muestra de sujetos de Centroamérica y México. El segundo objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la existencia de sintómas específicos de PTSD y su relación con las razones que los individuos tuvieron para migrar a los Estados Unidos. Se encontró que, comparados con los sujetos nacidos en Estados Unidos, los inmigrantes presentaban niveles altos de estrés generalizado; asimismo, las razones que éstos dieron de su inmigración estuvieron relacionadas con el diagnóstico del PTSD, El 52% de los centroamericanos refugiados de guerra llenaba el criterio del DSM-III para ser diagnosticados con PTSD. Los resultados se presentan y discuten con el objetivo de sensibilizar a los profesionales de la salud mental sobre la secuela de síntomas psicológicos relacionados con el proceso de inmigración forzada


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Male , Female , Emigration and Immigration , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology , Central America/ethnology , Mexico/ethnology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Refugees , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/ethnology , United States
8.
Rev. biol. trop ; 36(2B): 361-72, nov. 1988. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-103742

ABSTRACT

A review hemoglobinopathies in the Caribbean basin, shows a clear association with race: In Costa Rica, evidence suggests two geographic origins for populations of African origin.


Subject(s)
Child , Infant, Newborn , Humans , Genetics, Population , Hemoglobin, Sickle/genetics , Hemoglobinopathies/ethnology , Hemoglobins, Abnormal/genetics , Central America/ethnology , Colombia/ethnology , Gene Frequency , Hemoglobin SC Disease/genetics , Hemoglobinopathies/genetics , Phenotype , Thalassemia/genetics , Venezuela/ethnology , West Indies/ethnology
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